Abstract:
At the beginning of the
Stone Age, when people started taking shelters in caves, they made attempts to
immortalize themselves by painting their images on rocks. With the gradual progress in
civilization, they felt interested to see themselves in different forms. So, they started
constructing
models of human being with
sand, clay and stones. The size, shape, constituents and style of the model
humans continued evolving but the man was not happy with the models that only looked
like him. He had a strong desire to make the model ‘intelligent’, so that it
could act and think as he did.
This, however, was a much
more complex task than what he had done before.So, he took millions of years to
construct an ‘analytical engine’ that could perform a little arithmetic
mechanically. Babbage’s analytical engine was thefirst significant success in
the modern era of computing. Computers of the first generation, which were
realized following this revolutionary success,were made of thermo-ionic valves.
They could perform the so-called ‘number crunching’ operations. The
second-generation computers came up shortly after the invention of transistors
and were more miniaturized in size. They were mainly used for commercial data
processing and payroll creation. After morethan a decade or so, when the
semiconductor industries started producing integrated circuits (IC) in bulk,
the third generation computers were launched in business houses. These machines
had an immense capability to performmassive computations in real time. Many
electromechanical robots were also designed with these computers. Then after
another decade, the fourth generation computers came up with the high-speed
VLSI engines. Many electronic robots that can see through cameras to locate
objects for placementat the desired locations were realized during this period.
During the period of 1981-1990 the Japanese Government started to produce the
fifth generation computing machines that, besides having all the capabilities
of the fourth generation machines, could also be able to process intelligence. The computers of the current (fifth) generation can process
natural languages, play games, recognize images of objects and prove
mathematical theorems, all of which lie in the domain of Artificial
Intelligence (AI). But what exactly is AI?
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